There has been an increased focus on concussions in the news recently. Our school has experienced an increased number of students diagnosed with concussions. While it can't be determined whether the actual number has increased because of an increased number of accidents or if there is a heightened awareness of the injury and more students are being evaluated for a closed head trauma. Regardless of the reason, concussions need to be taken seriously.

A concussion can occur from any injury to the head (including the face, chin or nose), any injury that causes a "jolt" to the body, or an injury that has a "whipping effect," without actual head impact. These injuries cause the brain to "hit" the skull on the inside. it is also possible for the brain to "bounce" off the side of impact and hit the other side, resulting in injury on multiples sites.

Not every "bump" to the head causes a concussion, but if there is loss of consciousness, a concussion will be present. Symptoms of a concussion are not always present immediately at time of injury. Symptoms can evolve over 24 to 48 hours.

Symptoms of a concussion include:

• Headache
• Appear dazed
• Confusion
• Fatigue
• Amnesia
• Ringing in the ears
• Dizziness
• Sensitivity to noise
• "Seeing stars"
• Sensitivity to light
• Nausea, vomiting
• Slurred speech
• Sleep disturbances
• Depression
• Difficulty concentrating
• Loss of consciousness
• Balance problems

Early recognition is important! If your child exhibits signs of concussion, it is important that a physician evaluates the injury."Brain rest" is usually recommended. The brain is never completely at rest, even when asleep since it is responsible for many functions of the body. But we can limit the amount of stimulation the brain receives to allow it to rest as much as possible. Eliminating television, electronics, radio/music, reading, computer, and video games can allow the brain to get some rest. Sometimes it is also necessary to keep lights dim and noise to a minimum.

The doctor can advise you on eliminating stimulation and accommodations needed for returning to school and physical activities. Such accommodations may include:

• Taking rest periods during the day
• Eating lunch in a quiet area
• Limiting the number of hours at school
• Limiting assignments
• Allowing extra time for assignments

There is no set rule for how long or what accommodations may be needed or how soon the injured person can return to full activity. It depends on the severity of the injury and how well the individual responds to treatment. In general, most people can return to their normal activities in two weeks, but others may take longer. Preventing a second injury before the first injury is healed is very important. A second injury, even a minor one, can result in serious consequences, and in some cases death can occur.

If your child experiences a head injury, see your doctor or go to the emergency room. Please notify the school of the injury. When your child returns to school, send in a note from your doctor that outlines accommodations that need to be made while at school. A note will also be required to return to physical activities, such as recess, gym, and sports.